Pleural Effusion Causes ,Classification,Symptoms and Treatment
cures Tags: Causes, ClassificationSymptoms, Effusion, Pleural, TreatmentNo Comments »
Pleural effusion is the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity which can sometimes restrict lung expansion.
Get a more detailed info on our website.
https://medcrine.com/pleural-effusion/
The pleura are thin films of connective tissue, which line both the outer surface of the lungs, and the inside of the chest cavity
The visceral pleura on the inside at the parietal pleura on the outside.~This cavity is filled with pleural fluid that acts as a lubricant
The pleural fluid is similar to interstitial fluid and its made slippery by some proteins such as albumin
Pleural effusion is either;Transudative or Exudative.
Lymphatic effusion( chylothorax)
Transudative effusions are caused by some combination of increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased plasma oncotic pressure..
They are usually ultrafiltrates of plasma squeezed out of the pleura as a result of an imbalance in hydrostatic and oncotic forces in the chest.-
Conditions associated with increased hydrostatic pressure include~heart failure and~liver cirrhosis with ascites.(low proteins)
-The ones associated with hypoalbuminemia are usually nephrotic syndrome (protein loss)
-Because these diseases are systemic, they usually cause bilateral and equal effusion.
~They are caused by local processes leading to increased capillary permeability due to inflammation.This results in exudation of fluid, protein, cells, and other serum constituents.
~An exudative effusion will cause unilateral effusions.
The clinical manifestations of pleural effusion are variable and often are related to the underlying disease process.
The most commonly associated symptoms are~cough~progressive dyspnea ~ DIB~pleuritic chest pain~ worse when lying flat
Physical examination reveals~Absent tactile fremitus,~Dullness to percussion, and ~Decreased breath sounds on the side of the effusion.
Pleural fluid analysisChest x-ray indicates tracheal deviation
An erect chest x ray shows fluid accumulation at the costoprenic angle
X ray taken when a patient is supine indicates layering effect
~Thoracenthesis is done to relieve the symptoms and also help in diagnosis.
~Transudative fluid is clear while exudative fluid looks cloudy due to presence of immune cells
.~Lymphatic fluid looks milky because its filled with fats
.~Exudative fluid has much more proteins than Transudative
~grossly bloody fluid indicates trauma
To differentiate then you use the Light criteria
The fluid is considered an exudate when:
~The ratio of pleural fluid to serum protein is greater than 0.5
~Ratio of pleural fluid to serum LDH is greater than 0.6
~Pleural fluid LDL or cholesterol is greater than 2/3 of the upper limits of normal serum value.If all these are absent the fluid is a transudate.
~RX involves removal of the fluid and treat the underlying cause
~PE from heart failure are treated with Diuretics and sodium restriction
Show us your support by SUBSCRIBING,LIKING and SHARING.
Connect with us on our website www.medcrine.com
Follow us on twitter @medcrine
Telegram at https://t.me/medcrine
This video contains a detailed and simplified explanation about pleural effusions. We discuss the pathophysiology, causes, presentation, investigations, complications and management of pleural effusions.
*CORRECTION* The cutoff for exudative effusions is more than 3g per dL (decilitre) rather than 3g/l as stated in the video.
More written notes and diagrams about pleural effusions are available on the website at www.zerotofinals.com/pleuraleffusion.
Zero to Finals Medicine book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1091859892
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1091859892
Zero to Finals Paediatrics book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1080142827
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1080142827
Zero to Finals Obstetrics and Gynaecology book:
UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08K4K2WQB
US: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08K4K2WQB
Website: https://www.zerotofinals.com
Notes: https://www.zerotofinals.com/learn
Multiple Choice Questions: https://www.zerotofinals.com/test
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerotofinals/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/zerotofinals
Twitter: https://twitter.com/zerotofinals
DISCLAIMER: This video is for education and entertainment only, and is not medical advice. This video should NOT be used for medical advice or to guide clinical practice. The Zero to Finals content should not be used in any way to guide medical decision making. Zero to Finals takes no responsibility for any actions taken or not taken based on the information provided. Local and national guidelines and senior clinicians are there to help you make decisions, not YouTube videos. If you need medical advice or information, seek it from an appropriately trained and licenced doctor or healthcare provider that can address your individual needs. Zero to Finals cannot guarantee the accuracy of information in this video. Please highlight any errors you notice in the comments below – thank you.
